Famous Creative Thinkers in the World Essay Example for Free

Popular Creative Thinkers in the World Essay It is said that there is significance in everyone, and it just requires the perfect spot and time to blast out and favor the world. This planet has been honored to have astounding individuals stroll among us, and they have upset the manner in which individuals saw certain belief systems. Jesus Christ, Leonardo Da Vinci, Martin Luther King, Benjamin Franklin and Voltaire, just to specify a couple are authorize to have left an imprint in this world. With none professing to be any extraordinary than some other man, they stood apart to make this world an increasingly agreeable spot to live in during their time. Quentin Tarantino, a movie executive, on-screen character, maker and screenwriter is one of the incredible men that the 21st century has been honored to have. With an inventive, imaginative and ever stunning works, Quentin has become a figure in the public eye that numerous individuals can gaze upward to. His movies are typically described by non-straight storylines, a glorification of savagery and a sarcastic topic that in many occasions brings about a show of neo-noir attributes. His innovative virtuoso by the utilization of blend and match sort just as an imbuement of music and the transforming of old works and making them new and better are his primary qualities that characterize him. Quentin’s works have consistently had significantly better than the rest since they try to contribute to a great extent to the general public by and large. Regardless of whether in instructing, reminding or engaging the general public, Quentin has had film darlings at the edge of their seats and thus, he has gotten grants for the equivalent. Quentin has engaging films like Pulp Fiction (1994) that is viewed as one of the best if not the best film delivered ever and Django Unchained that looks to recount to the tale of subjection. Films with stories that help people to remember their past, or those that cause them to disregard the day by day bothers of life have earned him accomplishment just as wellbeing, despite the fact that without a lot of issues. For instance, creation of a subjugation film was at first not supported by likely crowds, and it got serious analysis in spite of the fact that it came about to his most elevated earning film ever. Then again, different motion pictures are reprimanded as having a lot of savagery which is for the most part in his line of inventiveness. The answers for these issues were fundamentally making films that are engaging and educative, that forget about the mercilessness of the occasions that the motion pictures depend on. The second is that the activity films he coordinates or creates are made for the pleasure in the whole family, without profane language and in some cases unimaginable funniness. For an innovative scholar, deterrents are an every day schedule since intuition outside the famous box is typical. For Quentin, research is the underlying advance towards a fearless innovative reasoning procedure. This implies a ton of perusing and examinations of various contents and various prospects. Tarantino’s inventive reasoning procedure rotates around all issues that appear to be sensible and worth putting resources into, advancing belief systems and inspiring capable scriptwriters. Despite the fact that he is ascribed to having outrage issues, his motion pictures can't be changed any better without denying the crowd their planned reason. For instance, Django Unchained was intended to instruct and help the American to remember the past that they are excessively embarrassed about to recall. His works fit impeccably in the 21st century film making field where inventiveness and the ‘anything goes’ mentality is prime. Having been an energetic film fan, a prepa red on-screen character, film investigate and a financial specialist, Tarantino has kept on extending the two his insight and expertise in the film world. The period of processing has changed the 21st century and the world has improved as a spot with PCs. The period of PCs, as this century is generally alluded to have encountered significant impact in all enterprises that have decided to embrace the innovation. Elegance Murray Hopper (nicknamed ‘amazing Grace’), an American PC researcher just as the United States naval force back chief naval officer had eminent commitments to the universe of innovation and present day fighting. She is among the pioneer software engineers of Harvard Mark one PC, and she built up the primary compiler for a PC programming language. This was her first most noteworthy commitment to society. She is likewise prestigious for advocating the term ‘debugging’ as a term for fixing PC glitches. It is presumably a direct result of her feeling of enthusiasm that she elected to join World War II, and she was sworn into the Navy save where she increased an exclusion to enroll in light of the fact that she was underweight. This was among the principal leaps in her profession, yet what she didn't have in physical properties; she more than compensated for them in minds. All through her profession in both industry and the scholarly world, Hopper was an expert for the United States Naval Reserve just as a speaker there. She held a few posts in authority through her profession both outside the Navy and furthermore inside the Navy. Her specialized and showcasing abilities end up being of extraordinary use to her as she likewise exhibited brilliant political and general business sharpness. The significant obstacles that she needed to defeat were the PC bugs that she was chipping away at while in Harvard. Be that as it may, working close by splendid personalities, she co-composed a few papers on PCs. By the excellence of persistence and steadiness, Hopper had the option to handle a significant number of the issues she looked without anyone else, yet in a few, she got the help of individual brilliants. She is said to have never diverted down a smart thought from anybody paying little mind to their position in the military of in the lab. By being associated with the fruitful programming of Mark I through III PCs, she was granted the Naval Ordnance Development Award. Nothing could have been done any extraordinary at that point, and up to this point, the Mark PCs are as yet impressive in the market. With the time of processing, Hopper’s works fitted impeccably with her time, and her developments stay a significant commitment to individuals. By being associated with the university’s scholastic program, Hopper had the option to learn and keep on exceeding expectations in her field of study and aptitude. Up until her retirement, she was a teacher and an academician whose commitments were noted and profoundly respected. Until her demise in 1992, Hopper stayed a significant resource for the United States Navy, Harvard and the World on the loose. For that, the USS Hopper (DDG-70) Navy Destroyer and the Cray XE6 â€Å"Hopper† supercomputer were named after her in the United States Navy and NERSC separately. References Back Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, USN. (2012, March 4). Life story Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, USN. Recovered May 28, 2014, from http://www.history.navy.mil/profiles/hopper_grace.htm Everything Tarantino. (2014, May 27). Everything Tarantino. Recovered May 31, 2014, from http://www.everythingtarantino.com/ Beauty Hopper Biography. (2010, May 12). Bio.com. Recovered May 31, 2014, from http://www.biography.com/individuals/elegance container 21406809#awesm=~oFPA4E99lVVRqY Quentin Tarantino Biography. (2013, September 27). Bio.com. Recovered May 31, 2014, from http://www.biography.com/individuals/quentin-tarantino-9502086#awesm=~oFPAGvRhIMAhpw Source record

Organizational Behavior and Design Nelson Education

Questions: 1. Distinguish the fundamental issue or issue for this situation. Give a reasonable avocation applicable proof for your answer. 2. Diagram the significant sub-issues clear for this situation. You have to recognize at any rate four (4) sub-issues, and clarify why they are applicable to this case. 3. Diagram five (5) applicable hypotheses from the field of authoritative conduct and plan which can be applied to this case. Clarify how every hypothesis encourages us to comprehend a specific issue or issues for this situation. 4. Framework your favored answer for this case. Give a short usage intend to clarify how your favored arrangement would be executed. Answers: 1. A few issues have been distinguished for the situation investigation of Robert Jefferson. The serious issue that was stirred in the investigation was for the most part because of gathering question and disappointment with the past work with which Jefferson felt increasingly hopeful with the nearness of Remington in the lab. There was an absence of clear discussion about the issue in the gathering. Another issue that was distinguished shown the powerlessness of Jerry for seeing what was occurring in the gathering. There was likewise absence of information and experience, which was the primary concentration in the gathering. Remington was exceptionally on edge about the standard daytime meeting that was canceled and Jefferson was not very miserable to assemble the conference off for reasons of his own. The issue rose as a result of miscommunication among Jefferson and Jerry and on account of absence of inside and out information. Jefferson additionally felt that maybe the scholarly points of interest that were brought by Remington to the gathering didn't reward for what he encountered was evidence of a breakdown on the helpful soul (Daft, 2012). 2. There are distinctive sub-issues for the situation investigation of Robert Jefferson that can be partitioned into three classifications, for example, authority, human asset and hierarchical conduct. There was a miscommunication among Jerry and Jefferson and there was an absence of initiative accomplishment and ordinary input in the gathering. Sub-issues contained no cooperation and ease control. They have an indispensable need to set up and achieve testing objectives and therefore, basic needs of progress are required to tackle these sub-issues. No particular human asset plan occurred for the development and there was no away from and position of landing position. Subsequently, there was enormous worry that was identified with finding a new line of work. The structure of hierarchical conduct was likewise not satisfactory in light of the fact that the methodology of authoritative conduct was not obviously characterized in the investigation of Jefferson. For instance; initiative, hu man asset and hierarchical conduct assume an imperative job in the examination since it should seriously think about the achievement of the association. Human asset is a lot of important to develop some crucial plans just as to execute authority procedure (Harte, 2016). Authority assumes a significant job in the association it likewise contained some central thoughts and plans for the achievement of gathering. At the hour of gathering meeting, there was the issue of miscommunication among Jerry and Jefferson in light of the fact that there was no cooperation in the gathering. Another sub-issue occurred when the gathering meeting was held, and Robert was in another sense during the gathering gatherings. Subsequently, he admitted to himself that he would have felt far less sheltered on the off chance that he needed to coordinate the work insane (Pinder, 2014). Remington had lacking components to give a discourse in the gathering and to improve authoritative conduct and initiative. This thus left Jefferson with an irritation blend. Simultaneously, there was a smug inclination of prevalence over Remington in any event one zone. Remington was of the view that the route by which the issues were analyzed was commonplace of gathering thinking. Remington continued to remark on the American accentuation on group contemplations in spite of the way that it got hard for the audience members because of a quality of modernity (Greenberg, 2013). 3. There are some crucial hypotheses of authoritative conduct and plan that are applied to the contextual analysis. These techniques help us to accomplish the administration and authoritative conduct and to comprehend the specific issue in the investigation. The issues that are identified with administrative and human asset the executives are engaged with the examination. This thusly expresses everybody will begin a new position with bunches of eagerness and inspiration so as to progress nicely. This inspiration depends on their way of life and beneficial experience (Edwards, 2016). The individual from each gathering was welcome to the gathering which was held to make speculations of hierarchical conduct and plan. This idea assists with understanding the issue of the investigation. They have to procure some value hypothesis of employment inspiration about administrative aptitudes and human asset method. The issue may be understood in the event that they would have the option to keep up the hypothesis of association conduct and administration structure effectively (Worley, 2014). As the ideal opportunity for uncommon gathering propelled, Jefferson figured it is insightful to dodge introduction at any expense. This is fundamentally because of the way that he was unable to confide in himself to introduce the considerations and work that Remington had profoundly evolved in light of his tension about clarifying the examination in satisfactory detail (Fackler Richardson, 2015). Jefferson got a chance to talk with Jerrold and brought up the issue about the authoritative conduct and structure. Jefferson likewise felt that the kind of commitment that Remington had been making would humor him to come up to this gathering. He had included the intrigue and focus on them. They had just come and gave a broad discussion followed by his view on authoritative conduct and structure. For instance; this model is adequate to comprehend the issue of the contextual investigation. This hypothesis causes us to comprehend the specific issue in the investigation. The individual from each gathering had been welcome to the gathering which was held to make hypotheses of hierarchical conduct and initiative plan (Kreshel Woods, 2015). 4. There are some phenomenal answers for unravel this issue of Robert Jefferson study. He needs to take some significant plans and advancement, for example, business enterprise, authority, the board and organization to address these issues reliably. Initiative must be executed in the endeavor that has social conduct and information. The authority style may consider as the development of the venture. To explain these issues, there is a prerequisite for security and physiological needs, regard needs, belongingness needs just as self-completion. They additionally need to have administrative and human asset abilities to decrease the issue. To understand these issues, they have to put forth a few attempts and needs to give the best execution in the meeting then it will give legitimate results. Jefferson needs to spur Remington to try sincerely and increment the proficiency of breaking the meeting to find a new line of work offer. Association change and innovation change help to expel this scholastic issue of the examination (Edwards, 2016). To execute the favored arrangement and to illuminate these issues, they have to keep up the hypothesis of inspiration and administrative abilities. A calculated information must procure and should need to mirror these encounters of Remington. Jefferson needs to inspire Remington and instruct him best finding out about the achievement. To evacuate these issues, they have to get ready for some discernment, preparing, initiative adequacy and occupation fulfillment. These strategies can be actualized well in light of the fact that these are the achievement point for Remington. He needs to roll out certain improvements in conduct, disposition, and correspondence. Collective choice creation is one of the significant executions to settle the issue of Robert study in light of the fact that authoritative conduct and configuration rely upon the dynamic. These favored arrangements ought to execute well if Remington follows the means of these essential arrangements of achievement (McShane Von Gl inow, 2015). References Ridiculous, R. (2012).Organization hypothesis and plan. Nelson Education. Pinder, C. C. (2014).Work inspiration in hierarchical conduct. Brain research Press. Greenberg, J. (Ed.). (2013).Organizational conduct: The condition of the science. Routledge. Charness, G., Gneezy, U., Kuhn, M. A. (2012). Test strategies: Between-subject and inside subject design.Journal of Economic Behavior Organization,81(1), 1-8. McShane, S. L., Von Glinow, M. A. (2015). Hierarchical Behavior 7/e. Anderson, B. (2016). Adams, Francis. The Melbournians. London and Sydney: Eden, Remington, 1892. Albertone, Manuel, and Antonio de Francesco, eds. Reexamining the Atlantic World: Europe and America in the Age of Democratic Revolutions. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. Amies, Marion.Home Education and Colonial Ideas of Womanhood. Ph. D. diss.Victorian Narratives of Failed Emigration: Settlers, Returnees, and Nineteenth-Century Literature in English,31, 264. Harte, J. (2016).Successful Management in the Digital Age. Exchange Publishers. Christians, C. G., Fackler, M., Richardson, K., Kreshel, P., Woods, R. H. (2015).Media morals: Cases and good thinking. Routledge. Edwards, R. G. (2016).Meson Resonances from Lattice QCD(No. JLAB-THY-15-2049; DOE/OR/23177-3845). Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States). Nikas, L., Maslo, P. B. (2013). Complete View of the Cathedral: Claims of Tortious Interference and the Specific Performance Remedy in Mergers and Acquisitions Litigation, A.Mich. J. Private Equity Venture Cap. L.,3, 1. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization turn of events and change. Cengage learning. DuBrin, A. J. (2013).Fundamentals of hierarchical conduct: An applied viewpoint. Elsevier.

In The Current Federal Election Campaign, Identify Some Examples Of

In The Current Federal Election Campaign, Identify Some Examples Of In The Current Federal Election Campaign, Identify Some Examples Of Agenda-setting In An Australian â€" Essay Example > Agenda setting is the formation of public alertness and concern of the major issues (as perceived by the people) by the news media. This however may not always reflect the reality of the happening. This is because the media sometimes filters and shapes the reality to focus on the core interest of the public. The media concentrates on a few issues that they emphasize so much instead on discussing all the issues in general. This creates confusion to the majority of the people as they tend to assume this issues are more significant than the others less discussed. One of the major aspects of agenda setting is time factor. The importance of varies issues is determined by the time factor. For instance political issues are more pronounced during election period and the role of the media is very important in the creation of the agenda setting. This is of great importance because it influences the how the public will respond towards the prevailing issues. This should not necessary be true according to Bernard Cohen (1963“Most of the time, the press may not be successful in telling people what to think but it is stunningly successful in telling its readers what to think about. ”The prime minister of the ruling Australian government John Howard has an ideology “choice of work”. This ideology have worked for the ruling government as it have tried to eradicate the unemployment that was increased from 4% to 10% by the labor government during its 11 years reign. However the creation of the employment opportunities was accompanied by low living standards that were caused due to the poor payment and high rates of taxation. This is in contrary to the people’s expectations as they had hoped to benefit from their employment opportunities and raise their living standards. The labor party is very critical of the John Howard ideology of ‘choice of work’ he has promised the Australian people better terms of work when the labor party comes to power after the 2007 gen eral elections. They refer to John Harward ideology, as walking liberal, low wages, low skill roads. This is because the ruling government has not constructed good infrastructure as reported by Sydney Morning Herald 2007.The few constructed roads are of poor quality and often needs to be repaired. The labor party has promised to construct a fiber optic broad band to facilitate communication for the Australian person that is, estimated to cost about 4.7 billion dollars. According to www. theaustralian. news. com, the ruling government has failed to provide enough security to the Australians as they had promised when they were coming to power. This is because lately there has been several reported insecurity cases in Australia ranging from theft to terrorism. The labor party has promised to establish better security strategies that will ensure national security to the Australians. A security system that will guarantee a peaceful nation free of terrorism. The party has also promised tax reforms that will be fair to the majority of the Australians who are of low and middle class.

Fog Causes And Effect Of Fog - 2335 Words

Introduction Out of all existing weather patterns, fog is probably the most unique, but it is also very dangerous. Since the fog is a natural and often occurring weather pattern in the Central Valley, it is important to understand how fog forms as well as what methods can be utilized to help prevent car accidents from occurring. Fog is a cloud that holds either several water drops or ice crystals. It differs from mist because it severely reduces visibility; in order to be considered fog, it must lower visibility to one kilometer, or 5/8 of a mile (Gultepe, et al. 1126). This lack of visibility is caused by the drops or crystals themselves: there is a â€Å"reduction in the brightness contrast between an object and its background by particle concentration and size-dependent scattering losses of the light propagating between the object and the observer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gultepe, et al. 1126). Basically, this means that there is a lessening of the difference between a certain item and the background of it as well as the scattering of light, and this is due to the droplets or crystals, as mentioned before. Fog can develop in either of these two modes: by cooling or evaporation and mixing. In order for fog to develop by cooling, the air must be cooled at a temperature below the dew point (or saturation point) (Ahrens and Samson 97). For fog to form by evaporation and mixing, evaporation must occur, allowing for the moist air to blend with the dry air. After the fog materializes, it is necessaryShow MoreRelatedThe Counterculture Of The 1960s From The Anti Authoritarian Engagements Of Preceding Decades1132 Words   |  5 Pagespreoccupied their Depression-era parents. People started to recognize that they could get what they want if they work hard enough for it, and if their voice is loud enough. 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Use Of Dream Psychodynamic Therapy A Look At Different...

The Use of Dream Interpretation in Psychodynamic Therapy: A Look at Different Perspectives Daryl Tilghman Fielding Graduate University â€Å"I affirm that this is my original work and has not been copied or plagiarized from any other sources, nor has it been previously submitted for academic credit. This electronic message counts as my signature† Introduction A dream, by definition, is a sequence of emotions, ideas, images, and sensations that involuntarily occur in the mind at various times; typically during the rapid-eye movement (REM) stage of sleep (American Heritage Dictionary, 2000). Throughout history, dreams have been the cause of much speculation; holding both philosophical and religious interests (Hobson, 2009). Before the days of scientific research, opinions varied regarding dreams, and their usefulness in psychotherapy. Dreams were often viewed as either being divinely inspired or having derived from a dark, evil source. Even in today’s scientifically advanced society; dreams are still not totally understood. Sigmund Freud, the father and creator of psychoanalysis, developed a therapeutic technique called â€Å"free association.† This technique encourages patients to use anything that comes into mind while the session is in progress, and to not withhold any thoughts. This technique is designed to assist patients in understanding what he/she is both thinking and feeling, without receiving any judgment. The assumption is that people experience conflicts betweenShow MoreRelatedPsychotherapy Strategies Drawn from Psychodynamic and Interpersonal Approaches1286 Words   |  6 Pages The purpose of this paper is to analyze a video entitled Psychodynamic-Interpersonal Counseling Psychotherapy (Brooks-Harris Oliveira-Berry, 2004). The video features Dr. Jeff Brooks-Harris and Dr. Jill Oliveira-Berry demonstrating sixteen skills drawn from psychodynamic and interpersonal approaches to psychotherapy. 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To establish positive and productive relationships Free Essays

Arredondo Positive and productive relationships with families establish a strong connection for the benefit of nurturing and educating the children entrusted to my care. I know how important it is for the parents to know about their child’s day, upcoming school events, and progress in all areas of the children’s learning and development. I know that consistent communication is the key to a trusted partnership with parents. We will write a custom essay sample on To establish positive and productive relationships or any similar topic only for you Order Now Having a clear understanding up front of what we can expect from each other helps us establish common goals for the benefit of the children. It is an important foundation for creating the very best early childhood experience for the parents and children. Daily communication between parents, teachers and school management is an essential component to my partnership. The parents will receive additional information on a weekly and monthly basis in a variety of formats including welcome letters, weekly and monthly newsletters, ongoing assessment communication, and parent teacher conferences. Multiple forms of communication foster the connection between home and school to build relationships and create continuity of xperiences, which increase a child’s sense of security and well being. I also provide my parents with helpful parent resources related to children’s learning and development. Many items and links are classroom or age group specific, including book suggestions, home fun activities and additional online resources. In order to keep up with what’s going on in the children’s lives after they leave my care, I maintain a close personal relationship with the parents. To do this I must be attentive and trustworthy. I talk to the parents about the child’s behavior at home as ell as at school. If there needs to be any adjustments including discipline I immediately talk to the parents about what we should decide on next. We discuss a plan that will work for home and at school so the child knows it’s the same consequence in both environments. If ever I am not physically at work on a day a parent has a special request I leave a parent/ teacher log for them to fill out and leave. I was very eager to receive the questionnaires back from my parent’s. I have quickly learned how much respect I have received from my families. I was thrilled to find that I meet, and in some cases over exceed expectations of the parents. Reading some of the parent’s answers it’s established that I have positive, responsive and cooperative relationships with their children and all members of their families. This was definitely one question all the parents seemed to agree on. In conclusion to this essay this has confirmed all my beliefs about my classroom and I. I will continue to grow professionally through out my years of teaching and look forward to many more How to cite To establish positive and productive relationships, Papers

The Benefits of Outsourcing

Introduction The world is increasingly becoming competitive. Firms are facing various challenges from various fronts, and it is only the best that can succeed. Competition is one of the leading challenges that firms in the current market have to deal with. New firms are coming into the market with products that are already available. Such new firms have brought about saturation of various products in the market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Benefits of Outsourcing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another challenge that firms in the current society have to deal with is the emerging technologies. The emerging technologies have brought a number of new trends that are posing serious challenges to the survival of the firm. It is important that a firm comes up with the best strategy that can help it manage these challenges and come out successful. Firms must consider the way they can outsmart their competitors. This may not be easy because as they plan to outplay their competitors, the competitors are also considering the best strategy that can help them manage the competitive market. Quality has been proven to be one of the best tools of managing competition. In order to win customers, a firm needs to ensure that it has the capacity to offer its customers the best value for their money. They have to come out strongly in the market as firms that understand the needs of the market. As such, they have to meet and exceed the expectations of the market (McLaughlin Aaker 2010, p. 78). Outsourcing offers firms opportunity to give this quality to the customers. Outsourcing refers to a strategy where a given activity is assigned to a contracted firm which does it on the behalf of the firm. It involves delegating some functions within a firm to another firm in a form of a contract. This is very common in cases where the function needs special knowledge in that particular area. This may be in the t elecommunication sector, in the engineering field, or any area that may require special knowledge in a technical field. This research seeks to gather evidence to support the fact that benefits of outsourcing outweigh its disadvantages. Outsourcing in the 21st Century The twenty first century is a very competitive century, and firms have been forced to come up with the best strategy in the market. A firm must give the best performance in the activity assigned. The process of having the best product in the market that is appealing to customers may be very difficult. However, the customers may not understand the difficulties of bringing these quality products in the market.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite this fact, a firm has the obligation of constantly bringing products into the market. Outsourcing has come out as the best approach through which a firm can enhance th e quality of the products. According to Hui-Ming and Paul (2010, p. 2090), outsourcing allows for individuals with the best capacity to perform certain tasks to perform them to their perfection. An individual cannot be all round perfect. There are some areas where an individual may require the expertise of another individual regardless of the qualifications held in another area. Similarly, a firm may not have the capacity to perform various tasks in its area of operation. In order to come up with a product with the best quality, it is important that a firm assigns duties that it is not best in performing, to a contracted firm with the best ability to perform such tasks. In order to understand the importance of outsourcing, it would be important to first look at the reasons for outsourcing The Main Reasons for Outsourcing Outsourcing is one of the new trends in the current world. Initially, a firm would be involved in all the activities within the firm. The management would determine all the activities that should be undertaken within the firm. The management would then assign the activities to various departments within the firm to accomplish. This was working well in those olden days, especially after the Second World War. Firms did not have to struggle looking for the market. The global market was very large, but firms that were doing mass production for various products were very few. There was therefore no serious competition in the market (Hooley 2008, p. 59). The main focus of most firms was to increase their production capacity because of the readily available market. However, this was changing as the world was getting globalized. Various firms were coming into existence from various corners around the world. With the emerging technologies, the world was fast turning into a global village. Many countries also considered opening up their markets for foreign firms. This brought about serious competition as firms had to convince the market that their produ cts are the best. Outsourcing was first witnessed in the aviation industry. This industry still remains the leading outsourcing industry in the world. The airlines in many countries across the world realized that most of their employees did not have the capacity to offer quality service to the planes for maintenance purposes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Benefits of Outsourcing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These airline firms struggled to look for employees with the capacity to take care of the maintenance of the planes. The process of looking for such experienced individuals was not only costly, but also very tiresome. It would take a lot f time getting an individual with enough knowledge in this area, and retaining them within the firm was another problem. This condition was worsened by the fact that such tasks would require a number of individuals to work as a team. The airline firms therefore, had to come up with an alternative way of maintaining their aircrafts. It is because of this need for external expertise that these firms considered outsourcing as the best strategy that they can manage the problem of aircraft maintenance. They considered assigning individuals who are not direct employees of the firm the duty of maintaining the aircrafts on a regular basis. This strategy spilled first to other industries in the United States and Europe (Bissoondoyal 2006, p. 92). Various multinational corporations realized that outsourcing offered the best strategy to manage internal operations. The strategy offloads some of the tasks that would have worried the firm to other firms that have specialty in dealing with such activities. It also allowed some firms to lay off parts of its workforce as the need to have some departments was eliminated. Firms came to realize that they did not have to be perfect in all the stages of production in order to produce perfect products. They only had to select tasks that they had the best capacity to perform in, and assign other tasks to other outsourced firms. In the current society, various firms have outsourced various activities to improve their quality of products. However, Outsourcing comes with a number of disadvantages. In order to determine if the benefits of outsourcing outweigh its advantages, it would be important to look at both (Montiel 2011, p. 119). The following are some of the disadvantages of outsourcing Disadvantages of Outsourcing It is true that firms have considered outsourcing as a way of improving their operations. However, this comes at a cost. Firms may need to sacrifice a number of factors when outsourcing some of its activities. As Pellicelli (2010, p. 280) observes, outsourcing is not as simple as it may appear to be. There are a number of factors that a firm must be ready to forego when outsourcing. This puts such a firm at risk, especially in the current competitive market. The following are some of the disadvantages of outsourcing.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reduced Control of the Firm’s Activities The current competitive market requires the management of a firm to be on top of every operational activity in the firm. It requires a firm to develop mechanisms that would enable it operate all the activities within the desired time. This control is always reduced when a firm decides to outsource the services of another firm. The individuals who will be performing these tasks within the firm are not employees of the outsourcing firm. The management of the outsourcing firm therefore, does not have direct powers to direct them on how to carry out their activities. This may be frustrating to the management, especially when there is some form of urgency in the task. Exposure of the Firm to Competitors The level of competition in the market today requires firms to hide most of their strategies to the competitors. Large firms like Apple have been very successful in the market because they have hidden some of their strategies in the market. They keep their competitors guessing how they are going to approach some issues in the market. When the operational activities are left open for the competitors, a firm ends up losing its competitive advantage in the market (Prasanna Lorin 2009, p. 18). Outsourcing increases chances for a rival firm to access classified information about the firm. Different Approach to Handling Activities Most successful firms always develop conventional ways of approaching various activities. This way, it becomes easier for the management to monitor the progress within various departments. The employees are also able to determine what is expected of them in the firm. When a firm is outsourced to perform certain tasks within the firm, the employees of the outsourced firm may come up with their own approaches of handling various activities that may be strange to the firm. This may complicate the need for the two sets of employees to work as a team. This may reduce the overall efficiency of the firm. Benefits of Outsourcing In the current dynamic world, no firm can claim to have the capacity to perform various tasks that it may be faced with. It would be prudent for a firm to consider assigning some of its duties to other firms that have the best capacity to perform these tasks. According to Richard and Joseph (2007, p. 12), outsourcing has massive benefits that can enable a firm to achieve the best results in the market. The benefits so far outweigh the disadvantages that come with outsourcing. The following are some of the benefits of outsourcing. Increasing of the Operations Efficiency Outsourcing is one of the best ways of increasing operations efficiency. It is common to have cases where a firm lacks proper expertise to undertake certain activities. This is very common when dealing with the emerging technologies. It may take a very long time for a firm to train its employees on certain activities within the industry. Outsourcing therefore comes out strongly as the best str ategy that allows the firm to operate with the highest efficiency level even if it lacks expertise in some fields. Employees who have knowledge and experience will be retained in their departments to increase their efficiency. Those tasks that the firm lacks proper expertise will be assigned to other firms with enough capacity to deliver good results. This way, the operations of the firm will be very efficient. Increasing Time to Focus in Other Core Activities According to Steven (2007, p. 272), it is always a strenuous and time consuming process trying to undertake a task that one has limited knowledge in. Such an individual will be performing two tasks at a time. The first task will be learning how to perform the task, while purporting to perform the task. This takes a lot of time that would have been used to undertake other activities. When such activities are outsourced, it allows the firm more time to focus on activities that it can perform best. This way, the management, and t he employees will be left with ample time to focus on other core activities of the firm. Improving Management of Information Information is one of the key components of a firm that always dictates success or failure in the market. A firm that is able to develop an information flow has the capacity to succeed, unlike another with disrupted information strategy. Information management is always very important. Outsourcing enhances information flow. When a firm outsources another firm, it would mean that the firm will have a reduced number of employees. Coordinating the reduced number of employees is much easier. The management will use the leadership of the outsourced firm to ensure that its employees work within its expectations. Reduced Cost of Operations Firms are currently fighting to reduce costs of operations. Customers are demanding more for a lesser cost. The suppliers are demanding more money for lesser suppliers they deliver, citing increased cost of operations. A firm is pr essed between these two forces. It has to find a way of meeting the needs of the two forces. Outsourcing offers firms this opportunity. When a firm outsources another to perform certain tasks, this would mean that the firm will not need to hire individuals in these departments. This reduces the cost of labor for the firm. Reduced Risks The process of outsourcing reduces the risks of errors in performing certain activities. This is very common in the aviation industry. When these tasks are assigned to experienced individuals, chances that the activity will be done in a faulty way are minimized. This reduces risks that would be met if the activities were done by inexperienced employees within the firm. Quick Implementation of New Technologies The emerging technologies are very important in the modern world. It is important that a firm ensures that it has the capacity to manage the emerging technologies. Outsourcing other firms in various departments within the organization helps in qu ickening the implementation of new technologies. To implement new technologies as quick as may be desired, there is always need to ensure that there are individuals who have an understanding of such technologies (Viardot 2004, p. 28). A firm will only need to go for a firm with experience and knowledge of the new technologies. Outsourcing their services will enable the outsourcing firm to implement new technologies at a faster rate. Compliance to Security In most of the industries, there are some rules and regulations set by relevant authorities to protect the public. In the aviation sector, there are safety and security rules set up by various aviation bodies. The same case applies to various other departments. Some sensitive industries like the aviation industry would require individuals with a deep understanding of the requirements put forth by the regulators. When a firm outsources such sensitive tasks to other firms, it makes it easy for the firm to comply with the security and safety rules. This would eliminate any possible cases of litigation. Staffing Flexibility One of the biggest tasks that human resource department has to handle is the flexibility of the staff. The staff of any given organization must be flexible. It must be able to approach the emerging trends in the market and be able to come out successful. However, this is not very easy because of specialization that comes with division of labor. When an individual is assigned a specific task, it would be difficult to make them perform other activities that are different from their current tasks. However, there must be flexibility of the workforce to enable the firm withstand the emerging trends. Outsourcing is the best way to enhance staff flexibility. A firm will only need to hire individuals with understanding of the emerging trends as and when needed. Employees will be given time to develop understanding of these new trends and master them, before they can start performing such tasks. Develo pment of the Internal Staff It is import to develop the internal workforce. Development of the staff can come in various approaches. One of the most common ways of developing the workforce is through in-service learning. In this strategy, employees’ capacity is improved while they are at work. Outsourcing is very vital in this strategy. The management will outsource a firm with the desired skills in a particular sector. The management will then select the workforce that should learn the desired strategy and assign them to work alongside the outsourced firms. The employees would be expected to learn how to handle certain tasks by getting involved in doing them (Tejaswini Rajiv 2010, p. 320). The outsourced firm will not only be helping the firm in performing that particular activity, but also in teaching and developing the local staff. The firm will therefore develop a strong workforce that has the capacity to handle various activities within the firm. Conclusion The world is increasingly becoming competitive. Firms are facing various challenges in the market that requires them to develop appropriate mechanism to overcome them. In the current world, it is important that the management understands the new forces that are relevant within the industry and acts upon them well in time. Outsourcing is one of the best strategies that a firm can achieve this. It has been clearly demonstrated that the benefits of outsourcing outweighs its disadvantages. List of References Bissoondoyal, U 2006, Total quality management: a practical approach, New Age International, London. Hooley, G 2008, Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning, FT Prentice Hall, Harlow. Hui-Ming, W Paul, W 2010, Modelling of outsourcing decisions in global supply chains: An empirical study on supplier management performance with different outsourcing strategies, International Journal of Production Research, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 2081–2094. McLaughlin, D Aaker, D 2010, Strategic mark et management: global perspective, Wiley, Chichester. Montiel, P 2011, Macroeconomics in emerging markets, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Pellicelli, M 2010, Outsourcing strategies. How to formalize and negotiate the outsourcing contract, Department of Business Administration â€Å"Riccardo Argenziano, pp. 276-286. Prasanna, B Lorin, M 2009, How Offshoring Affects IT Workers, Contributed Articles, vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 407-426. Richard, W Joseph, P 2007, The Impact of Outsourcing on Firm Value: New Insights, SAM Advanced Management Journal Spring, pp. 1-12 Steven, T 2007, The Innovative Organization: Creating Value through Outsourcing, California Management Review, vol. 50, no. 1, 261-277. Tejaswini, H Rajiv, K 2010, Offshore Outsourcing: Risks, Challenges, and Potential Solutions, Information Systems Management, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 312–326. Viardot, E 2004, Successful Marketing Strategy for High-Tech Firms, Artech House, Boston. Vishanth, W Zahir, I 2010, A value and risk analysis of offshore outsourcing business models: an exploratory study, International Journal of Production Research, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 613–634. This essay on The Benefits of Outsourcing was written and submitted by user Happy Hogan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Problems and Challenges Faced by AirAsia Essays

Problems and Challenges Faced by AirAsia Essays Problems and Challenges Faced by AirAsia Essay Problems and Challenges Faced by AirAsia Essay AirAsia is a low-cost airline based in Malaysia. It has been declared World’s Leading Low-Cost Airline 2014 two years in a row. It has also attained the tittle of Asia’s Best and World’s Best Low Cost Airline by Skytrax for six consecutive years from 2009 until 2014. The approach used by AirAsia from prior year until now is to be easy to book, pay and fly and most of the seats are sold through online. This is in line with its motto ‘Now Everyone Can Fly’. AirAsia had expanding the business to neighboring countries such as Indonesia and Thailand years later. Despite all those success, AirAsia faced some challenges and problems where it place AirAsia in declining state. Incident of Airbus 320-200 crashed Irish Times reported that AirAsia encountered biggest challenges as jet goes missing in 2014 when an Airbus 320-200 with 162 people on board went missing during a flight from the Indonesian city of Surabaya to Singapore. Then it was disclosed that the airbus crashed into the Java Sea on December, 28. It killed all 162 passengers and crew. It was reported as the first major accident involving AirAsia plane. As a consequence of that incident, AirAsia dropped fares by 9% in the first quarter to bring back passengers. The Malaysian parent airline carried 3% more passengers in the first quarter than last year, while its capacity grew 10%, leading to a drop in its seat load factor, or the portion of aircrafts filled, to 75% in the first quarter of this year versus 81% in the same period of last year. The declining value of domestic currency Besides, the declining of the value in the currency has put AirAsia at loss. The company reported a gain of 321 million ringgit after it slod a 25% stake in AirAsia ExpediaTravel to its joint venture to its joint venture partner Expedia Inc. in February for $86. 3 million. However, it also reported a 350 million ringgit foreign-exchange loss on its borrowing mainly because of the decline in value of the local currency. The company made a payment for its fuel and aircraft in U. S dollar which they claimed it was their biggest expenses. The rivalry in the industry Therewithal, the competition among airplane companies is very though. In 2013, AirAsia’s profitable market has been shaken up as rival low-cost carrier group Lion has launched Malindo Air. AirAsia’s Malaysian short-haul operation continues to report industry-leading operating profit margins of about 20% its yields have dropped in recent months and the carrier’s profitability could eventually be impacted. Now, each of Airplanes Company in the world is trying to conduct some strategies to compete with another competitor in their industry. They all have come out with different strategies to make their company better than their competitors. To sum up, every company has their own kind of problems and challenges they faced whether it is hidden or visible and whether it is known or not. Without exception, AirAsia faced a disaster in 2014 with a jet crashed and the company has to deal with current and after-effect because of the accident. It also has to cope with declining value of local currency and it is hard for AirAsia to face this as their most related expenses to the airlines have to be paid in U. S. dollar. AirAsia also has to compete with other airplane companies which always come up with new strategies as to compete.

Biography of Ramses II

Biography of Ramses II Ramses II (ca 1303 BC – 1213 BC) was one of the most powerful and influential Egyptian pharaohs in history. He led expeditions and focused on building up the New Kingdom, and most likely reigned longer than any other pharaoh. Fast Facts: Ramses II Full Name:  Ramses II (alternative spelling Ramesses II)Also Known As: Usermaatre  SetepenreOccupation: Pharaoh of ancient EgyptBorn: circa 1303 BCDied: 1213 BCKnown For: The longest-reigning pharaoh in history, Ramses IIs reign defined the New Kingdom era of Egypt as one of conquest, expansion, building, and culture.Prominent Spouses: Nefertari (died circa 1255 BC), IsetnofretChildren: Amun-her-khepsef, Ramses, Meritamen, Bintanath, Pareherwenemef, Merneptah (future Pharaoh), and others Early Life and Reign Little is known about Ramses’ early life. His exact year of birth is not confirmed but is widely believed to be 1303 BC. His father was Seti I, the second pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty, founded by Ramses I, the grandfather of Ramses II. Most likely, Ramses II came to the throne in 1279 BC, when he was approximately 24 years old. At some point prior to this, he married his future queen consort, Nefertari. Over the course of their marriage, they had at least four sons and two daughters, and possibly more, although historians have uncertain evidence of children beyond the six who are clearly mentioned in documents and on carvings. A statue of Ramses II stands in the Temple of Karnak in Luxor, Egypt. David Callan / Getty Images In the first few years of his reign, Ramses foreshadowed his later power with battles against sea pirates and the beginning of major building projects. His earliest known major victory came in the second year of his reign, probably 1277 BC, when he defeated the Sherden pirates. The Sherden, who most likely originated from Ionia or Sardinia, were a fleet of pirates who kept attacking cargo ships en route to Egypt, damaging or outright crippling Egyptian sea trade. Ramses also began his major building projects within the first three years of his reign. On his orders, the ancient temples in Thebes were completely renovated, specifically to honor Ramses and his power, revered as nearly divine. The stone carving methods used by past pharaohs resulted in shallow carvings which could easily be remade by their successors. In place of this, Ramses ordered much deeper carvings that would be harder to undo or alter in the future. Military Campaigns By the fourth year of his reign, approximately 1275 BC, Ramses was making major military moves to regain and expand Egypt’s territory. He began with war against the nearby Canaan, the region to the northeast of Egypt where the countries of the Middle East such as Israel now are located. One story from this era involves Ramses personally fighting a wounded Canaanite prince and, upon victory, taking the Canaanite prince to Egypt as prisoners. His military campaigns extended into areas previously held by the Hittites and, eventually, Syria. Wall carvings of Ramsess army defeating the Hittites.   skaman306 / Getty Images The Syrian campaign was one of the key points of Ramses’ early reign. Around 1274 BC, Ramses fought in Syria against the Hittites with two goals in mind: expanding Egypt’s borders, and replicating his father’s triumph at Kadesh about ten years earlier. Although Egyptian forces were outnumbered, he was able to counterattack and force the Hittites back into the city. However, Ramses realized his army wasn’t able to sustain the kind of siege required to take down the city, so he returned to Egypt, where he was building a new capital city, Pi-Ramesses. A few years later, however, Ramses was able to return to Hittite-held Syria and eventually pushed further north than any pharaoh in over a century. Unfortunately, his northern victories did not last long, and a small bit of land kept going back and forth between Egyptian and Hittite control. In addition to his campaigns in Syria against the Hittites, Ramses led military attempts in other regions. He spent some time, alongside his sons, on military action in Nubia, which had been conquered and colonized by Egypt a few centuries prior but continued to be a thorn in its side. In a surprising turn of events, Egypt actually became a place of refuge for a deposed Hittite king, Mursili III. When his uncle, the new king á ¸ ªattuÃ… ¡ili III demanded Mursili’s extradition, Ramses denied all knowledge of Mursili’s presence in Egypt. As a result, the two countries remained on the brink of war for several years. In 1258 BC, however, they chose to formally end the conflict, resulting in one of the earliest known peace treaties in human history (and the oldest with surviving documentation). In addition, Nefertari kept up a correspondence with Queen Puduhepa, á ¸ ªattuÃ… ¡ili’s wife. Buildings and Monuments Even more than his military expeditions, the reign of Ramses was defined by his obsession with building. His new capital city, Pi-Ramesses, featured multiple huge temples and a sprawling palatial complex. Over the course of his reign, he did more building than any of his predecessors. Aside from the new capital city, Ramses’ most enduring legacy was an enormous temple complex, dubbed the Ramesseum by the Egyptologist Jean-Franà §ois Champollion in 1829. It included large courtyards, enormous statues of Ramses, and scenes representing his army’s greatest victories and Ramses himself in the company of several deities. Today, 39 of the 48 original columns are still standing, but much of the rest of the temple and its statues have long since disappeared. The Great Temple at Abu Simbel is generally considered the greatest of the temples built during the reign of Ramses II. Tom Schwabel / Getty Images When Nefertari died, approximately 24 years into Ramses’ reign, she was buried in a tomb fit for a queen. The wall paintings inside the structure, depicting the heavens, the deities, and Nefertari’s presentation to the gods, are considered some of the most exquisite achievements in art in ancient Egypt. Nefertari was not Ramses’ only wife, but she was honored as the most important. Her son, the crown prince Amun-her-khepeshef, died a year later. Later Reign and Popular Legacy After reigning for 30 years, Ramses II celebrated the traditional jubilee held for the longest-ruling pharaohs, called a Sed festival. By this point in his reign, Ramses had already achieved most of the accomplishments he would be known for: expanding and maintaining the kingdom’s territory, improving the infrastructure, and building new monuments. Sed festivals were held every three (or, sometimes, two) years after the first one; Ramses ended up celebrating 13 or 14 of them, more than any other pharaoh before him. After reigning for 66 years, Ramses’ health deteriorated, as he suffered from arthritis and problems with his arteries and teeth. He died at the age of 90 and was succeeded by his son (the oldest son to outlive Ramses), Merneptah. He was first buried in the Valley of the Kings, but his body was moved to deter looters. In the 20th century, his mummy was taken to France for examination (which revealed that the pharaoh was most likely a fair-skinned redhead) and preservation. Today, it resides at the Museum of Cairo. One of the statues of Ramses II at the Temple of Luxor in Egypt. inigoarza  / Getty Images Ramses II was called the â€Å"Great Ancestor† by his own civilization, and several subsequent pharaohs took the regnal name Ramses in his honor. He’s often depicted in popular culture, and is one of the candidates for the pharaoh described in the Book of Exodus, although historians have never been able to determine conclusively who that pharaoh was. Ramses remains one of the best-known pharaohs and one who exemplifies what we know of the ancient Egyptian rulers. Sources Clayton, Peter. Chronology of the Pharaohs. London: Thames Hudson, 1994.Kitchen, Kenneth. Pharaoh Triumphant: The Life and Times of Ramesses II, King of Egypt. London: Aris Phillips, 1983.Rattini, Kristin Baird. â€Å"Who Was Ramses II?† National Geographic, 13 May 2019, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/people/reference/ramses-ii/.

Various Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Various - Coursework Example The founder of Keep a Child Alive Organization, Leigh Blake was inspired to initiate the organization in 2003 after a life changing encounter at an AIDS Research and Family Care Clinic, an institution which she funds, located in Mombasa, a coastal town in Kenya. A single mother named Anne brought her three-year-old son for medicinal care, and she refused to leave the institution until she got â€Å"drugs that you have in the States for your children.† Blake, who had been previously involved in several AIDS campaigns through her musical career background and film career, agreed to pay for the drugs that Anne’s son needed. By so doing this, the Keep a Child Alive idea was cultivated (KCA, 2014). The medications that Anne’s son needed were valued at 12000 dollars a year from New York University AIDS Research Department. It did not take long before word of Blake’s work inspired other artists, film stars, and even medical practitioners. Peter Edge became the fi rst donor and soon after music sensation; Alicia Keys joined the foundation as the Keep a Child Alive Organization (KCA) global Ambassador. In 2003, KCA- Keep a Child Alive foundation was founded officially. The Kenyan clinic that marked Blake`s turning point became a model facility to inspire other facilities in the African continent and the developing third world countries. Keep a Child Alive Foundation focuses on bringing attention of the great AIDS epidemic that threatens and shreds the population of sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of third world developing countries. Keep a Child Alive Foundation`s efforts focus primarily on sub-Saharan Africa since it is the most affected region in the world. The sub-Saharan region of Africa host`s sixty-four percent of all HIV-infected persons. The foundation facilitates access to ARV - Anti-Retroviral Virus- medicines, a wide series of support services which

Principles of European Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Principles of European Contract Law - Essay Example The Unidroit Principles have been regularly applied as lex mercatoria in international commercial arbitration, as they 'meet all the substantive requirements of a true law merchant. On the contrary, arbitrators are being reluctant to apply PECL as generally accepted principles of commercial law in international arbitration. This may be due to their relative novelty, to the fact that their scope is limited to the European Union, or to the strong materialism and esprit collectif which manifests itself by the preminent role of the good faith principle and by a social regulation of the contract which may be dubious in an international context (in particular, the regulation on excessive benefit or unfair advantage, unfair terms not individually negotiated or change of circumstances). In this sense, in the ICC arbitration case no. 12111, the arbitrator rejected claimant's claim for the application of PECL, concluding that they constituted an academic research, at that stage not largely wel l-known to the international business community, being a preliminary step to the drafting of a future European Code of Contracts, not enacted yet. Thus, PECL has not yet obtained a universal status as a (modern) lex mecatoria. It cannot be regarded as constituting an autonomus lex mercatoria but as a part of universal lex mercatoria. ... And at one time, without doubt, it was the law of England simply because it was the law of other nations. Its Origin The exact place and time of its origin is uncertain. Many writers have stated that it began in Italy in the central part of the Middle Ages. But investigation of early documents shows that it goes back much further. For instance, to the time when the Arabs dominated the Mediterranean. But they invented little and many of the terms which they used came from the Romans, Greeks and Phoenicians, who for many hundreds of years monopolized the sea commerce. First Treaties on Merchant Law in England - 1622 The first work on merchant law in England was written by Gerard Malynes published in 1622, entitled "Consultudo Vel Lex Mercatoria" or the Ancient Law Merchant. In his preface to this work, he stated that he had entitled it Lex Mercatoria instead of Jus Mercatorum because it is customary law provided by the authority of all kingdoms and Commonweals, and not a law established by the sovereignty of any prince. Blackstone stated that the affairs of commerce were regulated by a law of their own called the Law Merchant or Lex Mercatoria "which all nations agree in and take notice of and it is particularly held to be part of the law of England which justifies the causes of merchants and the general rules which obtain in all commercial countries." Still later, Lord Mansfield stated that "Mercantile law is not the law of a particular country but the law of all nations". On What Law Merchant Based The Lex Mercatoria would seem to be in part based on Roman law, in part maritime custom, in part the law of the Medieval

Advice On Wsh Legal Compliance Issues

Advice On Wsh Legal Compliance Issues The company is planning to set up a new plant/factory/shipyard/worksite in Singapore. The new plant/factory/shipyard/worksite located in Tuas. The company will be recruiting a few hundred local and foreign workers. The new plant/factory/shipyard/worksite utilizes the following items for its production processes: Mechanical and/or hydraulic machines Material handling equipment such as forklifts and/or reach trucks Lifting equipment such as overhead cranes and/or tower cranes Pressure vessels such as boilers, air receiver, steam receivers, etc. Laboratory facilities for testing and quality control Warehouses or storage yards Various types of hazardous chemicals and/or flammable substances Task: The task requires each candidate to submit a written report on advising on WSH legal compliance issues basing on the above situations. Written Report: The research project requires each candidate to derive or collect from their workplace a portfolio of evidences on the following items: Identify the relevant and other legal requirements applicable to safety and health issues. (PC1.1, UK1) Identify the WSH legal and other responsibilities and liabilities of stakeholders. (PC1.2, UK2) Explain the WSH legal and other responsibilities and liabilities to relevant stakeholders. (PC1.3) Communicate with stakeholders on the implications of the WSH legal and other requirements in accordance with organizational procedures. (PC1.5, UK4) Gather workplace information and practices relevant for the assessment of compliance with WSH legal and other requirements. (PC2.1, UK5) Identify gaps between workplace practices and the applicable WSH legal and other requirements. (PC2.2) Recommend actions to be taken by the relevant stakeholders to comply with WSH legal and other requirements. (PC2.3, UK7) Advise relevant stakeholders in the application of relevant permits, licenses, approvals and other legal documents from respective government agencies. (PC2.4, UK6, 8) Advise stakeholders ways to assists them in maintaining compliance with applicable WSH legal and other requirements. (PC2.5, UK9) Identify means of getting updated on new or amended WSH legal and other requirements in a timely manner. (PC3.1, UK10) Interpret the new or amended WSH legal and other requirements accurately. (PC3.2) Clarify with the relevant authorities on the interpretation of new or amended legal and other requirements where applicable. (PC1.4, 3.3 UK3, 12) Determine the applicability of new or amended WSH legal and other requirements to stakeholders who seek advice on WSH legal requirements. (PC3.4) Assess workplace compliance with the new or amended WSH legal and other requirements. (PC3.5, UK11, 12) Advise on necessary actions needed to comply with new or amended WSH legal and other requirements. (PC3.6) Identify the relevant and other legal requirements applicable to safety and health issues. (PC1.1, UK1) 12. Clarify with the relevant authorities on the interpretation of new or amended legal and other requirements where applicable. (PC1.4, 3.3 UK3, 12) Government Agencies Acts and Legislations Area of Application (Eg. MOM, SCDF, NEA, etc.) (Provide list and titles of Acts and Regulations) (- Describe the application of each Act or Regulations. Also briefly explain what each of the Act and Regulations are about) MOM Workplace Safety And Health (Registration of Factories) Regulations 2008 Any organization/person who wants to occupy a piece of land or use any premises as a factory, falling within any of the classes of factories described in Part I or II of the First Schedule, shall apply to the Commissioner to register. The application (accompanied by particulars, information, statements and documents) to register the premise as a factory shall be sent to the Commissionerin such form and manner as he may require. The application has to be made at least one month before the factory starts operation. On receiving an application, the Commissioner will go through the details of application before deciding whether the premise is deem fit to be register as a factory. Upon successful application, the Commissioner will enter the factory in the register of factories and on successful payment of the fee specified in the Second Schedule, a certificate of registration will be issue to the applicant to certify the premise fit for operation. MOM WSH (General Provisions) Regulations 2006 This regulation is applicable to all factories and all owners of pressure vessel. This regulation describes the general safety rules and requirements which occupiers need to comply with. For instance, Regulation 4: Overcrowding, which require occupier to ensure that the workplace is not overcrowded so as to pose health and safety risk to the employees Regulation 6: Lighting, which require occupier to maintain and provide sufficient and suitable lighting, whether artificial or natural, for workers to engage in operation or walking. Regulation 10: Protection against excessive heat or cold and harmful radiations, which require the occupier take all reasonably practicable measures to ensure that employees at are protected from excessive heat or cold and harmful radiations. Regulation 14: Electrical installationand equipment, which require occupier to ensure that electrical installation and electrical equipment is of good made, non-faulty, well maintain and safe to use. Reasonably practicable measures have been taken by the occupier to protect against the risks of electric shock arising from or in connection with the use at work of any electrical installation or equipment in the factory. Etc. MOM WSH (First Aid) Regulations 2006 This regulation is applicable to all factories, laboratories, ship in harbour, premises within airport. This regulation describe what are the general requirements of a first aid box (what are the approved items, number of first aid boxes required against the number of employees), the requirements of first aider within the workplace, the number of first aider required within the workplace against the number of workers, and the general requirements for a first aid room. MOM WSH (Risk Management) Regulations 2006 This regulation is applicable to all workplaces covered under the First Schedule of the Act. This regulation specifies that risk an assessment has to be carried out at workplaces, with the RA documented and maintained. From the RA, what are the protective and control measures implemented to protect employees against the hazards and risks identified. MOM WSH (Incident Reporting) Regulations 2006 This regulation is applicable to all workplaces. This regulation requires occupier to report any accident/incident that result in injuries (injuries that resulting in more than 3 days MC or hospitalization for 1 day) and/or deaths, any dangerous occurrence (such as toppling of scaffold, toppling of tower crane, bursting of PUB gas pipe during excavation, etc.) and any occupational diseases suffered by an employee at the workplace. MOM WSH (Safety and Health Management System and Auditing) Regulations 2009 This regulation is applicable to all factories. This regulation describes: 1) The requirements to be approved as a workplace safety and health auditor. 2) The requirement of factories to undergo a third party audit (approved auditor by MOM) on the safety and health system. MOM WSH (Workplace Safety and Health Committees) Regulations 2008 This regulation is applicable to all factories. This regulation requires factories to form a WSH committee (the general requirements stated), whereby meeting should be carried to discuss on the health and safety issues within the workplace. The function of WSH committee is also clearly defined under this regulation. SCDF Fire Safety Act Section 20: Fire Certificate This act is applicable to owner or occupier of any public buildings such as offices, hospitals, shopping complexes, industrial buildings and private residential buildings that fall within a specified criterion. The Fire Certificate Scheme is to ensure that fire safety systems and fire safety measures are properly maintained, in good working condition and tested in accordance with the relevant codes of practices. SCDF Fire Safety (Fire Emergency Plan) Regulations This regulation is applicable to premises that are designated or fall within the class of premises designated by the Minister under Section 21(1) of the Act. This regulation describe the requirements of a emergency response plan within the workplace, which include, designation of one or more places within or outside the premises which is capable of accommodating all the occupants of the premises and which poses the least danger to the occupants of the premises in the event of fire to be used as an assembly area; the need of a fire safety committee; up to date records relating to reviews of the Fire Emergency Plan; conduct of fire evacuation drills; fire safety programmes are kept and maintained, etc. SCDF Fire Safety (Petroleum and Flammable Materials) regulations: License to store or keep petroleum or flammable materials. This regulation is applicable to premises that require to store or keep any petroleum or flammable material or both at any premises shall be made by the person intending to store or keep the petroleum or flammable material or both. This regulation states that no occupier shall store or keep, or cause to be stored or kept, any class of petroleum or any flammable material except: (a) in or on premises licensed for the storage or keeping of such petroleum or flammable material; (b) in such quantities and in such manner and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed in relation to such petroleum or flammable material; and (c) under the authority of and in accordance with the provisions of a licence from the Commissioner and every condition specified therein. SCDF Fire Safety (Petroleum and Flammable Materials) regulations: License to import petroleum or flammable materials. This regulation is applicable to occupier who wants to import of any class of petroleum or any flammable material in excess of the respective quantities specified in the Second Schedule. The regulations require the person importing such petroleum or flammable material to hold a licence from the Commissioner to import such petroleum or flammable material; and the person does not hold such a valid licence. Singapore Police Force Arms and Explosives (Explosive Precursors) Rules 2007: License to store explosive precursors. This regulation is applicable to occupier who wants to store explosive precursorsfor operation purposes. Singapore Police Force Arms and Explosives (Explosive Precursors) Rules 2007: Ad hoc license to import/export explosive precursors. This regulation is applicable to occupier who wants to import/export explosive precursors. The regulation requires the applicant to hold a dealers license before applying for a license to import or export arms or explosives. NEA Environmental Protection and Management (Hazardous Substances) (Amendment) Regulations 2009: Permission to store and use hazardous Substances. This regulation is applicable to a person who keeps or has in possession or under his control any hazardous substances specified in the Schedule. The regulation specify that the person shall be authorized to store and use hazardous substances under a permit or a license granted under section 22 of the Act to deal in hazardous substances under his possession. The person issued with the permit shall keep a record of the quantity of such substances and stored in a container based on the purpose or purposes stated in the permit. The container is designed, constructed and maintained in accordance with the code of practice and clearly labeled with restricted access to authorized personnel only. HSA Poisons Act, Chapter 234: Poisons Licence This regulation is applicable to a person who import, possess for sale, sell or offer for sale any poisons. Form A Poisons Licence is issued under the Poisons Act to allow the licensee to import, store and sell poisons by way of wholesale at the premises stated in the licence. The licensee for Form A Poisons Licence must be working full time for the company and be given the responsibilities and accountabilities for all poisons transactions. PUB Sewerage and Drainage (Trade Effluent) Regulations This regulation is applicable to factories. This regulation specifies the discharge limit and contents requirement of trade effluent that is coming out from the factories operation. The requirement of treating the trade effluent (installation of a treatment plant) before discharging the effluent and installing such sampling test points, inspection chambers, measuring devices, and recording and other apparatuses for monitoring. Identify the WSH legal and other responsibilities and liabilities of stakeholders. (PC1.2, UK2) Explain the WSH legal and other responsibilities and liabilities to relevant stakeholders. (PC1.3) Stakeholder (Organization Job position) Legal Responsibilities / Companys Job Description Liabilities Penalties / Offences List and identify at least FOURstakeholders in the company eg. Principal (WSH Manager); Subcontractor (ABC Construction Pte Ltd); Rigger (Tan Ah Seng); etc Describe and elaborate each stakeholder legal responsibilities as well as those set by the company in their job description. Elaborate the liabilities, penalties, and offences of each stakeholder as stipulated for the legislations) Occupier (Site Diector under the name Avnetis Pharma Mfg Pte Ltd) Legal responsibilities: It shall be the duty of every occupier of any workplace to take, so far as is reasonably practicable, such measures to ensure that a) the workplace; b) all means of access to or egress from the workplace; and c) any machinery, equipment, plant, article or substance kept on the workplace, are safe and without risks to health to every person within those premises, whether or not the person is at work or is an employee of the occupier. Company main HSE responsibilities: The Site Director has overall responsibility for the effective implementation of the HSE Policy. In compliance with the law, the Site Director shall: 1. Ensure the workplaces entrances and exits and any equipment, machinery, plant, article or substances are accessible, safe and risk-free. 2. Ensure the safety and health of his employees and personnel who may be indirectly affected in the workplace. WSH (General Provision) Regulations Fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both WSH (Registration of Factories) Regulations Fine not exceeding $3,000 WSH (Incident Reporting) Regulations 1stoffence: Fine of not exceeding $5,000 2ndand subsequent offences: Fine of not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both WSH (Risk Management) Regulations 1stoffence: Fine of not exceeding $10,000 2ndand subsequent offences: Fine of not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both WSH (Workplace Safety and Health Committees) Regulations First offence: Fine of not exceeding $10,000 Second or subsequent offence: $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both WSH (Confined Spaces) Regulations Fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both WSH (Workplace Safety and Health Officers) Regulations First offence: $10,000 Continuing offence: a further fine not exceeding $1,000 for every day or part thereof during which the offence continues after conviction. Factories (Noise) Regulations Fines not exceeding $5,000 Fire Safety Act Fines not exceeding $5,000 Fire Safety (Building Fire Safety) Regulations Fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or both Environmental Protection and Management (Hazardous Substances) (Amendment) Regulations Fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or both Continuing offence: a further fine not exceeding $1,000 for everyday or part thereof during which the offence continues after conviction. Environmental Public Health Act Fine not exceeding $10,000 and in the case of a continuing offence, the sum of $500 for every day or part thereof during which the offence continues after conviction Employers (HODs) 1) It shall be the duty of every employer to take, so far as is reasonably practicable, such measures as are necessary to ensure the safety and health of his employees at work. 2) It shall be the duty of every employer to take, so far as is reasonably practicable, such measures as are necessary to ensure the safety and health of persons (not being his employees) who may be affected by any undertaking carried on by him in the workplace. 3) For the purposes of subsection (1), the measures necessary to ensure the safety and health of persons at work include a) providing and maintaining for those persons a work environment which is safe, without risk to health, and adequate as regards facilities and arrangements for their welfare at work; b) ensuring that adequate safety measures are taken in respect of any machinery, equipment, plant, article or process used by those persons; c) ensuring that those persons are not exposed to hazards arising out of the arrangement, disposal, manipulation, organization, processing, storage, transport, working or use of things i) in their workplace; or ii) near their workplace and under the control of the employer; d) developing and implementing procedures for dealing with emergencies that may arise while those persons are at work; and e) ensuring that the person at work has adequate instruction, information, training and supervision as is necessary for that person to perform his work. 4) Every employer shall, where required by the regulations, give to persons (not being his employees) the prescribed information about such aspects of the way in which he conducts his undertaking as might affect their safety or health while those person are at his workplace. Company main HSE responsibilities: 1. Providing a safe and healthy workplace. 2. Establishing a committee or designating a representative as needed. 3. Consulting and cooperating with the committee or reperesntative. 4. Providing the information and training needed to protect the health and safety of workers. 5. Ensuring that supervisors are competent and that supervisors provide competent supervision. 6. Arranging the regular examination of the workplace, tools and equipment to ensure their safety. 7. Ensuring that tools, machinery and equipment are properly maintained. 8. Enabling a committee or representative to inspect the workplace regularly. 9. Promptly correcting unsafe conditions and activities reported by the committee or representative. 10. Ensuring that the committee or representative investigates reportable accidents and dangerous occurrences. WSH (General Provision) Regulations Fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both WSH (Incident Reporting) Regulations 1stoffence: Fine of not exceeding $5,000 2ndand subsequent offences: Fine of not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both WSH (Risk Management) Regulations 1stoffence: Fine of not exceeding $10,000 2ndand subsequent offences: Fine of not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both WSH (Confined Spaces) Regulations Fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both Factories (Noise) Regulations Fines not exceeding $5,000 Environmental Protection and Management (Hazardous Substances) (Amendment) Regulations Fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or both Continuing offence: a further fine not exceeding $1,000 for everyday or part thereof during which the offence continues after conviction. Employees (Chemical Technician, Mechanical Technician, Logistic personnel, etc.) Legal responsibilities: 1) It shall be the duty of every person at work a) to use in such manner so as to provide the protection intended, any suitable appliance, protective clothing, convenience, equipment or other means or thing provided (whether for his use alone or for use by him in common with others) for securing his safety, health and welfare while at work; and b) to co-operate with his employer or principal and any other person to such extent as will enable his employer, principal or the other person, as the case may be, to comply with the provisions of this Act. 2) No person at work shall willfully or recklessly interfere with or misuse any appliance, protective clothing, convenience, equipment or other means or thing provided (whether for his use alone or for use by him in common with others) pursuant to any requirement under this Act for securing the safety, health or welfare of persons (including himself) at work. 3) Any person at work who, without reasonable cause, willfully or recklessly does any act which endangers the safety or health of himself or others shall be guilty of an offence. Company main HSE responsibilities: 1. Taking reasonable care to protect their health and safety and that of other workers. 2. Cooperating with employers, supervisors, committee members and representatives. 3. Using safe work procedures, safeguards, and personnel protective equipment. 4. Reporting potential hazards or risks to the employer immediately. 5. Knowing and complying with health and safety requirements. 6. Refraining form harassment. WSH (General Provision) Regulations Fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both WSH (Incident Reporting) Regulations 1stoffence: Fine of not exceeding $5,000 2ndand subsequent offences: Fine of not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both WSH (Risk Management) Regulations 1stoffence: Fine of not exceeding $10,000 2ndand subsequent offences: Fine of not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both WSH (Confined Spaces) Regulations Fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both Environmental Protection and Management (Hazardous Substances) (Amendment) Regulations Fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or both Continuing offence: a further fine not exceeding $1,000 for everyday or part thereof during which the offence continues after conviction. WSH (Workplace Safety and Health Committees) Regulations First offence: Fine of not exceeding $10,000 Second or subsequent offence: $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both Duties of persons who erect, install or modify machinery or equipment and persons in control of machinery for use at work. (company engage contractors) 1) It shall be the duty of any person who erects, installs or modifies any machinery or equipment for use at work to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that the machinery or equipment is erected, installed or modified in such a manner that it is safe, and without risk to health, when properly used. 2) The duty imposed on a person erecting, installing or modifying any machinery or equipment under subsection (1) shall apply only if the machinery or equipment is erected, installed or modified in the course of the persons trade, business, profession or undertaking. 3) Any person required under subsection (1) to ensure that any machinery or equipment is erected, installed or modified in such a manner that it is safe, and without risk to health, when properly used shall be regarded as having complied with that subsection to the extent that a) the person ensured, so far as is reasonably practicable, that the erection, installation or modification was in accordance with the information supplied by the designer, manufacturer or supplier of the machinery or equipment regarding its erection, installation or modification; and b) it is reasonable for the person to rely on that information. 4) Where any machinery moved by mechanical power is used in any workplace, then notwithstanding anything in this Act, it shall be the duty of the owner of the machinery to ensure a) so far as is reasonably practicable, that the machinery is maintained in a safe condition; and b) that the precautions (if any) to be taken for the safe use of the machinery and the health hazards (if any) associated with the machinery is available to any person using the machinery. 5) Where the owner of any machinery moved by mechanical power has entered into a contract of hire or lease with a hirer or lessee, the duty imposed under subsection (4) shall apply to the hirer or lessee of the machinery instead of the owner. 6) Where the owner, hirer or lessee of any machinery moved by mechanical power has entered into a contract with another person to maintain the machinery, the duty under subsection (4)(a) shall apply to that other person instead of the owner, hirer or lessee of the machinery. 7) Subsections (1), (2) and (3) shall apply only to machinery or equipment specified in Part I of the Fifth Schedule. Company main HSE responsibilities: In compliance with the law, contractors shall: 1. Supply safety precautions to be taken for the proper use and maintenance of the machinery, equipment or hazardous substance. 2. Specify any health hazards associated with the machinery, equipment or hazardous substance. 3. Supply information relating to and the results of any tests or examinations of the machinery, equipment or hazardous substances is tested and examined to ensure safety when properly used. WSH (General Provision) Regulations Fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both WSH (Incident Reporting) Regulations 1stoffence: Fine of not exceeding $5,000 2ndand subsequent offences: Fine of not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both WSH (Risk Management) Regulations 1stoffence: Fine of not exceeding $10,000 2ndand subsequent offences: Fine of not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both WSH (Confined Spaces) Regulations Fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both Environmental Protection and Management (Hazardous Substances) (Amendment) Regulations Fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or both Continuing offence: a further fine not exceeding $1,000 for everyday or part thereof during which the offence continues after conviction. Communicate with stakeholders on the implications of the WSH legal and other requirements in accordance with organizational procedures. (PC1.5, UK4) (- List and describe THREE different types of communication channels employed in by your company. Show evident or data. Eg. Appendix à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Minimum 100 words) In workplaces, Safety communication is essential to employees so that they are aware of the effects of Workplace Safety and Health so as to seek encouragement from them to contribute actively to Workplace Safety and Health. Contributions from the employees will only be effective if they understood their roles and responsibilities and be competent in their work tasks. In Sanofi Aventis, the following communication channels are employed to pass on the information and messages to employees: E-mails: Whenever there is a safety-related issue and/or article send down by Corporate, the information will be forwarded to all HODs so that they can passed down the information to the staffs within their department. Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Notice Board: Whenever there is an incident/accident that has happened in other site within the corporate, a report of the incident/accident will be put up on the notice board to allow employees locally to learn of the issue so that the same situation will not be repeated. HSE Committee meeting: During the HSE committee meeting, issues on workplace health, safety and environment will be discussed, reviewed and ideas on how to improve them will be exchanged during the meeting. The discussions will be minute down and send to the committees so that they can pass down the information to other colleagues in their department. Gather workplace information and practices relevant for the assessment of compliance with WSH legal and other requirements. (PC2.1, UK5) Identify gaps between workplace practices and the applicable WSH legal and other requirements. (PC2.2) Recommend actions to be taken by the relevant stakeholders to comply with WSH legal and other requirements. (PC2.3, UK7) Name Description of Elements (SMS) or Practices (CP) Company Practices / Gaps Legal Requirements / Code of Practice Compliance Y / N Recommended Actions (- List at least FIVEpractices or Elements of Safety Management System. Briefly describe each practice or element. Eg. Permit-to-work, Safety Training, etc. Provide evidence such as examples, attachments, appendices, data, or documentation for